The best answer is: (1,2,3)

CPR is essential in pulseless patients regardless of their ECG rhythm. If there is no need to defibrillate, epinephrine is recommended. The stark reality is that if the cause of the arrest is not identified and treated very quickly, death is ruled. During the resuscitation, attempts  should be made to identify medical futility. If it exists, resuscitation attempts should cease.

The best answer is: 20-30/minute

Although a “normal” respiratory rate range for a 16-month old is approximately 20-30/minute, always consider all potential causes of tachypnea: anxiety; increased body temperature; hypoxia; pain; and airway resistance. Assess each patient comprehensively to best determine the cause(s) of the rapid breathing.

The best answer is: (all of the above)

Children with respiratory distress who become obtunded (decreased level of consciousness) develop cyanosis; become bradycardic; or are unable to maintain ventilation/oxygenation and are in respiratory failure.

The best answer is: (3,4 only)

Patients with tachycardia who are “stable” show no signs of respiratory or perfusion abnormalities. In other words, the arrhythmia is causing no life-threatening or potentially life-threatening events.

The best answer is: true

Manufacturers supply pediatric chest patches that better fit the smaller chest. In an extreme emergency, if only larger adult patches are available, place the patch in an anterior/posterior* position, making certain there is no contact between the two electrodes.

*Place one patch on the front of the chest, over the heart, left of the sternum if possible. Place the second patch at the cardiac level on the rear chest.